Surprise changes in US monetary policy rates directly affect asset prices, with a 100-basis point surprise cut resulting in a 30-basis point increase in the ratio of stock prices over 5 days; this effect grows after the initial announcement because higher-frequency strategies likely underestimate the effects of policy transmission.

Firms often keep their nominal discount rates constant even in the face of changing inflation expectations. Increases in expected inflation therefore lower firms’ real discount rates and raise real investment.

In a work summarizing his previous research, the author argues that prices of private digital currencies follow random walks, while for central bank digital currencies the challenge is to address three objectives, price stability, efficiency, and monetary trust, of which only two are achievable.