Removing a previously obtained criminal record does not improve labor market outcomes, on average, with the notable exception of participation in gig work through online platforms.

Return-to-office (RTO) mandates drive employees away from firms, with senior employees leaving at the highest rates, likely leading to significant human capital costs in terms of output, productivity, innovation, and competitiveness for the companies implementing strict RTO policies.

Homelessness occurs in the context of long-term, severe deprivation rather than large and sudden losses of income. Low permanent incomes leave people vulnerable to housing loss when met with even modest disruptions to life circumstances, even if they are connected to the labor market and safety net.